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Varaha Upanishad ((サンスクリット:वराह उपनिषत्), "boar") is a minor Upanishad of Hinduism composed in late medieval to early modern history of India. Composed in Sanskrit, it is listed as one of the 32 Krishna Yajurveda Upanishads, and classified as one of 20 Yoga Upanishads. The text has five chapters, structured primarily as a discussion between Vishnu in his Varaha (boar) avatar and sage ''Ribhu''. The discussion covers the subjects of Tattvas, the nature and relationship between individual soul (Self, Atman) and Ultimate Reality (Brahman), seven stages of learning, the characteristics of Jivanmukti (inner sense of freedom while living) and the four types of ''Jivanmuktas'' (liberated persons). The last chapter of the text is dedicated to Yoga, its goals and methods. The Upanishad emphasizes that liberation from sorrow and fear requires a human being to know the non-dual nature of existence, oneness between Self, Brahman and Vishnu, the role of Yoga in self liberation, and lists ten Yamas (virtues) as essential to a liberation of one's soul: nonviolence, satya, asteya, brahmacharya, compassion, rectitude, kshama, non-hypocrisy, mitahara, and shaucha. The text describes the ''Jivanmukta'' as one whose inner state, amongst other things, is neither affected by happiness nor by suffering inflicted on him, who does not shrink out of fear from the world, nor the world shrinks from him, and whose sense of calm and inner contentment is free from anger, fear and joy unto others. ==Etymology and anthology== ''Varaha'' means boar, specifically referring to the incarnation of Vishnu as boar in Indian mythology.〔KN Aiyar, Thirty Minor Upanishads, University of Toronto Archives, , page 220 footnote 1〕 The text is also known as Varahopanishad.〔 The text is listed as 98th in modern era anthology that consists of 108 Upanishads. A Sanskrit text, it is considered one of the 32 Upanishads under the Krishna Yajurveda or Black Yajurveda. Classified as a Yoga Upanishad, it was created between the 13th and 16th centuries. The author, authenticity and source of this Hindu text has been in question, and it is not a part of Hinduism's Vedic literature.〔Peter Heehs (2002), Indian Religions: A Historical Reader of Spiritual Expression and Experience, New York University Press, ISBN 978-0-8147-3650-0, pages 85–87〕 Varaha Upanishad was not listed in the anthology of known Upanishads published in 17th-century by Dara Shikoh, nor in the early 19th-century Henry Thomas Colebrooke anthology, nor the Narayana compilations of Upanishads.〔Paul Deussen (Translator), Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Vol 2, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-1469-1, pages 558–565〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Varaha Upanishad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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